مجله راهور
پیاپی 41 (تابستان 1401)

Calculating the speed of accidents is an important part of the collision scene. In the last two decades the design of the car brake system has changed and most cars are equipped with ABS anti-lock system. However, the braking function of the vehicles can be found in a significant way, and this causes the cars to crash when they collide with them. As in such cars, the effect of braking on the road surface is unstable and does not last long. The purpose of this article is to use the processing of images obtained from video footage to calculate the speed of vehicles involved in an accident.

In this research, to solve the problem of determining the speed of vehicles equipped with (ABS) in traffic accidents, the processing of images from municipal surveillance cameras or any project cameras in the city, according to their location and angle, and a homographic method has been used. This method directly determines the speed of the vehicle by using the video of a car accident and converting it into several frames, regardless of the dimensions of the vehicle.

The research findings show that the relative error between the calculated speed and the actual speed is less than 4%.

The proposed method generally overcomes the shortcomings of conventional methods of calculating speed. Also, this method has simpler calculations than other image processing methods, such as the nail-hole model (Pine-Hole) or image conversions, and requires less information and measurements on the ground.

Road accidents are killing a large number of citizens every year and it is actually considered one of the serious issues of the country and Lorestan province. The main goal of this research is to analyze the vulnerability of the Khorram Abad-Boroujerd axis road transport network under climate change conditions.

The method used in the present study is double mass test, temporal-spatial analysis using Gis software and forecasting future conditions under the scenario and global climate model in a 30-year statistical period, which temporal and spatial analysis of data has been investigated by weighting method. In addition, linear regression has been used to investigate the relationship between accidents.

It showed that the most effective climatic indicators in this axis, which is the longest and most important axis of Lorestan province, are the maximum daily precipitation in the month and cold days. Also, the trend of indicators in the middle and end parts of this axis is decreasing and the amount of accidents shows the same trend. Unlike the beginning and end areas of the axis, two indicators affecting this axis in the middle areas show an increasing trend. The number of accidents during the statistical period affected by these two indicators is increasing.

The fit of the regression model for the studied axis is significant at the P 0.05 level and the most effective climatic indicators are the maximum one-day rainfall and cold days respectively. In the forecast estimates, the highest amount of accidents in the central parts of the axis is about 5-6% for two RCP scenarios of 4.5 and 8.5. The results of this research have been consistent with the research conducted under the headings related to climate and road accidents by Francois, Stoker et al. and Amlong and Wiener.

Social control; It is a means of supervision, guidance, adaptation of a person to the laws of the society, and also a preventive means of violation and social delinquency, which is of two types: formal (criminal punishments) and informal (rejection, ridicule, and blame). In the city of Ardabil, the amount of traffic violations has been increasing in recent years. The main purpose of the research is to study the relationship between social control and drivers' violations among the citizens of Ardabili in 2022.

The current research method is a survey (quantitative and using a questionnaire) and its statistical population is 480,322 people, 384 people were selected through Cochran's formula and the questionnaire (standard and researcher-made) was distributed among citizens (men and women) by simple random sampling method. . The validity of the research has been estimated by social science experts and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha (0.7).

The results show that different groups of men (10.46), single people (12.7), age group 18 to 30 years old (12.07), illiterate and with the elementary education people (11.75), unemployed (11.39) and non-government workers (11.33), people Those with household expenses up to two million five hundred thousand tomans (10.87), low social class (10.36) and those born in rural areas (12.05) tend to commit traffic violations more than others. Pearson's test shows that formal (-0.432) and informal (-0.398) control has an inverse and significant relationship with driving violations. Meanwhile, the dimensions of official control (occupational identity, organizational identity, traffic police supervision and performance) and informal control (local identity, social belonging and religious identity) have had a significant relationship with traffic violations.

According to the research results; the more formal and informal control systems are used together to control traffic violations, the lower the level of traffic violations will be. Because the reasons for traffic violations are a socio-cultural issue, traffic police are expected to adapt to the suggestions of this research; Take action on the extent and manner of applying this traffic policy.

 Aggressive driving behavior is one of the most important causes of accidents, followed by death and disability in people. In order to prevent and reduce these injuries, various methods have been used, one of which is psychological interventions. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of mindful self-compassion training on risky driving behavior.

This research is a semi-experimental research and a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all drivers with the negative score of 30 in the first season of 2011 in Tehran, of which 30 people were selected as a sample by purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people). The research instrument was the Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (1990). All participants, in both groups, answered it before and after the intervention and 3 months later in the follow-up phase. Mindful self-compassion training was provided to the experimental group during 8 sessions (weekly), each session lasting 60 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data was statistically analyzed using SPSS 26 and repeated measures analysis of variance test.

 The results showed that mindful self-compassion training was effective on risky driving behavior and reduced it. Also, there was a significant difference (p<0.005) between the test and control groups in the subscales of risky driving behavior (slips, intentional violations, mistakes, unintentional violations).

Based on the results obtained in this research and considering that mindful self-compassion training is effective in reducing aggressive driving behavior, this training can be used specifically for high-risk drivers.

According to the UN Sustainable Development Document 2030, urban sustainable management and development are two vital factors in the realization of qualitative life for the people that governments must commit to. Equal to target no. 11 of the document's 17 objectives, providing and managing access to secure, affordable, accessible and sustainable transfer systems for all is one of the key issues. Undoubtedly, the realization of this goal, due to the experience of leading countries, requires a serious change and attention to new and emerging technologies such as IoT in the management of transportation and traffic. The aim of this study was to prioritize the internet applications of objects in Iran's transportation and traffic sectors to achieve sustainable development.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive in terms of data collection tools and according to the research method (fuzzy analytical hierarchy process) among descriptive researches is a single-sectional survey. After collecting contingent paired comparison matrices, weighted indices were assigned and priority of applications of IoT technology was determined.

Based on the findings of this study, economical and quality of life quality indicators have the most importance for sustainable development of internet of objects in Iran's transportation sector, respectively. Also, the most important priorities in Iran for using IoT technology in transportation and traffic management were point management applications (0.01), axis management (0.08), parking management (0.11), accident management (0.11), pollutant refining (0.29) and network monitoring (0.30).

The results of the studies and quantitative data analysis indicate the direct role of IoT in the field of transportation management and traffic management and achieving sustainable development and creating innovative approaches in traffic management and transportation of Iran using maximum and targeted use of emerging technologies that have been less considered. The innovation of this research is to explain the position of emerging IoT technology and prioritize its use for attention and planning of traffic police managers and other related areas.

Background and Aim : 

Considering the severity of accidents in snowy and icy weather conditions, and the high occurrence of accidents leading to death in Qazvin province, the purpose of this article is to find and prioritize the causes that lead to the creation of all the causes of road accidents leading to death in the conditions of snow and ice in Qazvin province.

Two methods have been used at the same time, the first is the method of documentary studies: traffic police reports in accidents that occurred in one of the climatic conditions of frost, snow and blizzard, 2012-2020 years, and the method of content analysis with tools Interviews of accident experts and drivers were used, and finally, a group of 14 senior accident experts were selected as an expert panel and participated in the 6-step process of structural-interpretive modeling.

The findings showed that low horizontal visibility, slippery road, strong wind, severe cold, light reflection, high speed, fatigue and sleepiness, eating and drinking, anger and stress, use of mobile phones, non-compliance with regulations, driving in special conditions, road safety, consumption of drugs, alcoholic beverages and sleeping pills, lack of driving skills, were the most 5 main important causes of road accidents: failure to pay attention to the front, failure to observe longitudinal and lateral distance, violation of safe speed, Deviation and encroachment to the left are a violation of Article 4th . Also, the structural-interpretive modeling showed that these causes are related to each other at 3rd    level of independence, that the two causes of 3rd level extreme cold and eating and drinking have directly affected other cases, and the 4th causes of using mobile phones, anger and stress, slippage and horizontal vision Low, they are effective on the 6 factors of level.

Most of the causes originate from human mistakes; Also, in the conditions of snow and frost, the environmental factor has been assigned the second rank, which includes the meaning of weather conditions, road conditions and safety; Therefore, the main causes of road accidents leading to death in snow and ice conditions in Qazvin province are human and environmental factors, and each of the 12 causes can cause road accidents both specifically and in connection with other causes.